Shoulder & Elbow

Muscles and tendons that keep the shoulder in place form the rotator cuff. In adults, a rotator cuff tear is commonly seen to cause pain and discomfort. Generally, an injury to the rotator cuff can come from the degeneration of the tissues or a specific incident like a fall. A certain repeated arm movement can also be a cause.

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Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is where pain and stiffness are felt in the shoulder joint. This mostly affects adults between the ages of 40 and 60. Also, having diabetes is a risk factor. The shoulder joint consists of connective tissue that links tendons, ligaments, and bones. When this capsule of connective tissue thickens, joint movement becomes restricted.

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The shoulder is the body’s most mobile joint. When the ball-shaped head of the upper arm bone (humerus) is forced out of its socket, this is called a dislocated shoulder. This happens often in sports and traffic accidents. Torn tissue and the stretching of muscles that accompany this injury can cause much pain.

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A tennis elbow, also known as lateral epicondylitis, is an overuse injury that results in pain for the tendons connecting the wrist and fingers and the lateral epicondyle, a bony protrusion on the elbow. Repeated actions in tennis and similar sports can lead to a tennis elbow. But the condition can be felt by anyone who is engaged in repeated upper arm movements related to recreation, work or everyday activities.

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Dislocating the elbow often arises from trauma, like falling onto an extended arm and hand. The impact felt pushes the elbow out of its socket and a fracture or dislocation follows. Sporting activities such as gymnastics or skateboarding are associated with having a dislocated elbow. An elbow dislocation can be partial or full.

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