Renal medicine, also known as nephrology, is a medical specialty focused on the diagnosis, treatment, and management of diseases and conditions affecting the kidneys. The bean-shaped organs are located on either side of the spine in the abdomen and are essential in maintaining the body's internal equilibrium. They filter waste products from the blood, regulate fluid and electrolyte balance, control blood pressure, and stimulate red blood cell production. Nephrologists address a wide range of kidney disorders that can significantly impact a person's health and well-being.
The kidneys function as a filtration system, processing litres of blood every day to remove waste products and excess fluid while carefully retaining essential substances. This process involves filtering blood through tiny units called nephrons, reabsorbing essential substances like glucose and electrolytes back into the bloodstream, and secreting additional waste products into the urine. Furthermore, the kidneys play a crucial role in hormone production, regulating blood pressure, red blood cell production, and calcium metabolism.
Conditions and disorders of the kidney include kidney stones, kidney failure and kidney cancer as well as the following:
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