Asthma is treated with a combination of lifestyle management and medications that help control symptoms, prevent flare-ups, and reduce inflammation in the airways. The main goal of treatment is to keep asthma well controlled so that patients can live normal, active lives with minimal symptoms.
Most patients are prescribed inhalers, which deliver medicine directly into the lungs. There are two main types of inhalers. The first are reliever inhalers, which provide quick relief by relaxing the airway muscles during an asthma attack. These are used only when symptoms occur, such as sudden wheezing, coughing, or shortness of breath. The second type are preventer inhalers, which contain medications like corticosteroids that reduce inflammation in the airways and make them less sensitive over time. Preventer inhalers need to be taken daily, even when symptoms are not present, to keep asthma under control.
Aside from medication, treatment also involves avoiding asthma triggers, which can include allergens, smoke, dust, strong odors, cold air, or respiratory infections. Patients are often encouraged to monitor their symptoms, follow an asthma action plan created with their doctor, and have regular reviews to adjust treatment if needed. With the right management, most people with asthma can prevent serious attacks and maintain good quality of life.
