What is Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease where the immune system of the body mistakenly attacks healthy tissue. This results in inflammation that can affect several different body systems, such as the joints, skin, kidneys, blood cells, lungs, intestines or blood vessels.
Lupus occurs more frequently in women than men, by nearly 10 to 1 and may occur at any age.
There is currently no cure for lupus. Your doctor will help you find a combination of treatments to manage the symptom. If properly managed, you may be able to enter remission and not experience symptoms. However, there is always a chance lupus will come back.
What are the symptoms of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?
Symptoms of SLE vary from person to person and may go into remission for periods of time before flaring up. Joint pains and swelling are common symptoms of SLE as it often affects the fingers, hands, wrists and knees. Other common symptoms include:
- Chest pain when breathing
- Fatigue
- Fever
- General discomfort
- Hair loss
- Weight loss
- Mouth sore
- Skin rash (A butterfly-shaped rash develops in some people with SLE and typically appears over the cheeks and bridge of the nose)
What causes Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?
Experts do not know for certain what causes SLE, though there certain factors about your health or where you live that may trigger SLE, including:
- Genetics: No single gene or group of genes has been proven to cause lupus, although certain gene variations have been linked to lupus.
- Hormones: Certain hormones such as estrogen may increase your chances of developing lupus
- Environmental factors: These include aspects of where you live, work, or spend time. For example, how much sunlight or poluuted air you are exposed to could affect your risk of lupus.
- Your health history: Prior health conditions, prolonged stress or smoking could trigger lupus.
What are the risk factors of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?
Anyone can develop lupus, though you are at a higher risk if one or both of your parents have it. The following factors may increase your risk of developing the condition:
- Gender: Women are nine to ten times more likely to develop SLE than men.
- Age: SLE can occur at any age but most people are diagnosed with it in their 20s and 30s.
- Family history: You're more likelt to develop SLE if you have a close family member with it.
How do I prevent Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) flare-ups?
You may be able to prevent and reduce SLE flare-ups by avoiding activities that trigger symptoms, such as:
- Avoiding sun exposure: Spending too much time in the sun can trigger SLE symptoms in some people. Try to avoid going outside when the sun is brightest, wear sun-protective clothing and use sunscreen with at least an SPF of 50.
- Staying active: It may sound counterintuitive, with joint pain making it difficult to move. However, moving and gently using your joints can be the best way to relieve symptoms like pain and stiffness.
- Getting enough sleep: It can be frustrating living with SLE. Managing your stress and ensuring you get sufficient sleep can help prevent flare-ups for some people.
How do you diagnose Systempic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?
Lupus can be tricky to diagnose as it causes lots of different symptoms, do not be afraid to tell your healthcare provider about anything you've felt or sensed.
Blood Tests
A blood test may be conducted to show your doctor how well your immune system is working. They can help to check for infections or other issues, such as anemia and low blood cell count.
Urinalysis
This will be able to help check for signs of infections or other health conditions.
Biopsy
A biopsy on your skin or kidney will be able to show if your immune system has damaged them.
